Jules Jacobs

Assistant Professor of Computer Science, ETH Zürich

I work on programming languages and formal verification: type systems, program logics and automated verifiers for concurrent programs, computer networks and probabilistic programs. I'm looking for PhD students.

Before ETH, I was a visiting researcher at Jane Street and a postdoc at Cornell with Alexandra Silva and Nate Foster, and did my PhD at Radboud with Robbert Krebbers and Stephanie Balzer.

Some of my favourite things are: type theory, parametricity, SSA as a dataflow lattice, generating functions & Kirchhoff's matrix-tree theorem, differential forms & the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, star semirings, Lagrangian mechanics.

News: papers on mode crossing in OxCaml (ICFP'26), exact inference for probabilistic programs (OOPSLA'26), network-enforced session types (ECOOP'26) and deciding serializability (TACAS'26) · the IPA Dissertation Award for my thesis · teaching the Software Engineering Seminar at ETH.

Jules Jacobs

Research projects

What Vox adds to OxCaml's modes: a totality axis (partial, total) for specs and lemmas, a ghostliness axis (ghost, real) for erased proofs, and the void layout for free ghost data.

Safe and verified systems programming

OxCaml is Jane Street's extension of OCaml for safe, fast systems programming. Its modes track whether a value can escape its stack frame or be shared between threads, and mode crossing lets integers, immutable data and other suitable types skip those restrictions automatically. Vox builds on OxCaml to check specifications at compile time, with refinement types and ghost proofs that are erased before code generation. As AI agents write more of our code, such specifications let people stay in charge of what that code does.

A symbolic packet program from the KATch paper (Fig. 3): a decision diagram over the header fields a, b and c, with dashed edges for the default case.

Network verification

KATch checks network configurations for properties such as reachability and isolation, typically in well under a second. StacKAT extends this to unbounded state such as MPLS label stacks, and SER decides whether stateful networked programs are serializable. NEST compiles session-type protocols into monitors that run on programmable switches. These tools rest on fast automata algorithms; Boa, for example, minimizes deterministic, weighted and probabilistic automata with one generic algorithm.

A connectivity graph from the paper (Fig. 1): threads T, T1 and T2 and channels C1 and C2, with red triangles showing which endpoint each blocked party is waiting on.

Deadlock freedom and verified concurrency

Programs that communicate over channels or share locks can deadlock. We design type systems and separation logics in which well-typed or verified programs never deadlock, and later work also verifies that programs follow their protocols and compute the right results. All proofs are mechanized in Coq/Rocq using Iris.

Discretization from the Slice paper (Fig. 2): a Gaussian sample compared against 0.1, 0.8 and 2.0 becomes a discrete distribution over four intervals.

Probabilistic programming

When continuous random values only matter through comparisons with constants, Slice rewrites a probabilistic program into a discrete one, so that exact solvers can compute its distribution. In Paradoxes of Probabilistic Programming, I showed how infinitesimal probabilities resolve the paradoxes that arise when a program conditions on an event of probability zero.

PapersSlice (OOPSLA'26), Paradoxes (POPL'21)

TalksSlice, Paradoxes

ToolsParadoxes code

WithKatherine Wu, Kevin Batz and Alexandra Silva

Some of this work has found its way into industry:

If your company has software or infrastructure where stronger guarantees would help, I'd be glad to talk about working together, for example on a joint project or by hosting one of my students as an intern. Email me.

Students

Current PhD students. Fabian Lukas Grubmüller.

Prospective PhD students. I'm looking for PhD students who want to work on these topics. Please email me first, with [PhD] in the subject, your CV, a few lines about what you would like to work on and why, and one thing you have made or done that you are proud of: a program, a proof, a project or a piece of writing, with a link if there is one. The formal application goes through the department's doctoral program, or through the Direct Doctorate if you have a bachelor's degree.

Master's theses and semester projects. If you are a student at ETH, I supervise theses and projects in these areas. Email me with [Thesis] in the subject.

A strong mathematical background helps, as does experience with proof assistants, compilers or verification tools.

Publications

BibTeX for all papers: publications.bib

OOPSLA'26 Type-Directed Discretization of Probabilistic Programs
ICFP'26 Mode Crossing
ECOOP'26 NEST: Network Enforced Session Types
TACAS'26 Deciding Serializability in Network Systems
PLDI'25 StacKAT: Infinite State Network Verification
OOPSLA'24 Multris: Functional Verification of Multiparty Message Passing in Separation Logic
PLDI'24 KATch: A Fast Symbolic Verifier for NetKAT
PhD Thesis Guarantees by Construction
POPL'24 Deadlock-Free Separation Logic: Linearity Yields Progress for Dependent Higher-Order Message Passing
ICFP'23 Dependent Session Protocols in Separation Logic from First Principles
POPL'23 Higher-Order Leak and Deadlock Free Locks
POPL'23 Fast Coalgebraic Bisimilarity Minimization
ICFP'22 Multiparty GV: Functional Multiparty Session Types With Certified Deadlock Freedom
ECOOP'22 A Self-Dual Distillation of Session Types
Jules Jacobs
.pdf DOI slides code
POPL'22 Connectivity Graphs: A Method for Proving Deadlock Freedom Based on Separation Logic
Neurobiology of Aging Long-term ovarian hormone deprivation alters functional connectivity, brain neurochemical profile and white matter integrity in the Tg2576 amyloid mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
POPL'21 Paradoxes of Probabilistic Programming
And How to Condition on Events of Measure Zero with Infinitesimal Probabilities
Jules Jacobs
.pdf DOI code slides video

Teaching

ETH Zürich Software Engineering Seminar (2026), with Michalis Kokologiannakis and Ralf Jung.
Jane Street OxCaml Basics (2026), a three-hour course for interns and engineers.
Earlier Helped teach Certified Software Systems at Cornell (2024); Program Verification (2022, 2023), Type Theory (2020–2022) and the MFOCS seminar (2021, 2022) at Radboud; and Software Verification at TU Delft (2020). Co-supervised Menzo van Kessel's bachelor thesis on a type checker and interpreter for MPGV (2022) and Edoardo Putti's master thesis on mechanizing incorrectness separation logic in Coq (2020).

Academic Service

Organizing Iris Workshop 2026 at ISTA, with Michael Sammler
Program committees POPL'27, CSL'27, TFP'26, ICFP'25, PLDI'25, ECOOP'25, PLACES'25; OOPSLA'26 Review Committee
Website chair PLDI'27 (co-chair), ICFP'26, ICFP/SPLASH'25 (co-chair), ICFP'25 (co-chair), ICFP'24 (co-chair)
PLMW Social media chair since 2024; committee of PLMW @ SPLASH/ISSTA'26
Artifact evaluation ESOP'23, PLDI'22, ESOP'22
Reviewing OOPSLA'27, TOPLAS (2026), ECOOP'24, PLDI'23, ITP'23, LICS'23, POPL'23, OOPSLA (2022), CSL (2022), LMCS (2022), ESOP'21, ICFP'20
Software PL deadline calendar, upcoming deadlines for programming languages conferences; Review tool, for writing paper reviews next to the PDF
Other VCA for Behavioural Types: Bridging Theory and Practice (2021)

Talks

2025 StacKAT: Infinite State Network Verification
PLDI'25
2024 Deadlock-Free Separation Logic: Linearity Yields Progress for Dependent Higher-Order Message Passing
EPFL · POPL'24
2024 Probabilistic Programming Session Preview
POPL'24 (session preview)
2024 Verified Message-Passing Concurrency in Iris: Separation Logic Meets Session Types
POPL'24 (tutorial, with Jonas Kastberg Hinrichsen and Robbert Krebbers)
2023 The Iris Masterplan
PL Retreat, Cornell University
2023 Higher-Order Leak and Deadlock Free Locks
Cornell University · Carnegie Mellon University · POPV seminar Boston · LFCS seminar Edinburgh · POPL'23
2022–23 Fast Coalgebraic Bisimilarity Minimization
Cornell University · LIP ENS Lyon · POPL'23 · SWS Seminar, Radboud University
2023 Dependent Session Protocols in Separation Logic from First Principles
Iris Workshop 2023
2022 Multiparty GV: Functional Multiparty Session Types With Certified Deadlock Freedom
ICFP'22
2022 A Simple Concurrent Lambda Calculus for Encoding Session Types
TYPES'22
2020–22 Paradoxes of Probabilistic Programming
PLDI'22 SIGPLAN Track · VeriProP'21 · POPL'21 · PL Seminar, TU Delft · PPLV, University College London · SWS Seminar, Radboud University
2022 A Self-Dual Distillation of Session Types
ECOOP'22
2022 Connectivity Graphs: A Method for Proving Deadlock Freedom Based on Separation Logic
Iris Workshop · CMU plunch · Imperial College London · POPL'22
2021 Mechanized Deadlock Freedom for Session Types
FCG, University of Groningen · VEST'21
2021 Deadlock Freedom for Session Types Using Separation Logic
SWS Seminar, Radboud University

Notes

I sometimes write up my notes because it makes me think a bit more carefully and helps me remember. If you have any comments, questions, or ideas, don't hesitate to send me an email :) More of my writing is on my blog.

Photos

Some of my photos. There are more in the gallery.

A clear turquoise mountain lake with a large boulder Wild horses at a pond in a nature reserve A mountain ridge with reddish grass under a blue sky Flowering heather under a cloudy sky A castle behind its moat Frosted trees along a path on a cold morning Rocky mountain slopes above a forest A branch with red berries in front of a lake A rock arch over clear green water Small mushrooms growing on a mossy log